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The Englishman, Leonard Digges (1520-1559), from Bartham in Kent, UK, invented the Theodolite in 1551...The main component of a Theodolite is a small but powerful refracting telescope, so he was almost certainly the very first person in the world to invent the refracting telescope. However, it is known that he also invented the reflecting telescope shortly afterwards. In 1608, Hans Lippershey, a German born Dutch citizen invented a refracting telescope in Middelburg, Netherlands. Galileo's model a year later was a considerable improvement upon Lippersheys design but it came almost 60 years after Digges's invented his telescope. The Gregorian reflecting telescope was invented by Scottish mathematician and astronomer James Gregory and his design was first published in 1663. Isaac newton invented the Newtonian reflecting telescope in 1668, 117 years after Digges invented his. The design of the Cassegrain telescope was first published on April 25th 1672 and its invention is attributed to Laurent Cassegrain (1629-1693), a Catholic priest from Chartres, France. There were no real major advances in telescope designs until the Schmidt telescope was invented, by German optician Bernhard Schmidt, in 1930. The Maksutov telescope was patented in 1941 by Russian optician Dmitri Maksutov.

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