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Genetic material, primarily DNA and RNA, is composed of four key elements: carbon (C), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O). These elements form the nucleotide building blocks, which consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and nitrogenous bases. The sequence of these nucleotides encodes genetic information essential for biological functions and inheritance. Additionally, phosphorus (P) is a critical component of the phosphate backbone in nucleic acids.

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