The distance to the moon is not dependent upon its phase. Sometimes the new moon might be at perigee (closest approach to earth), and sometimes the full moon is at perigee, and sometimes other phases.
Earth (if you mean Earth's moon)
the moon is the closest to the earth
During a solar eclipse, the moon phase is a new moon. This is when the moon is positioned directly between the Earth and the Sun, casting a shadow on Earth and causing an eclipse.
If the Moon is between Earth and the Sun, it is not a phase, at all . . . it is a solar eclipse.
The Moon
new moon is the first phase of the Moon, when it lies closest to the Sun in the sky as seen from the Earth
Earth is the closest planet to the moon and Venus follows as the second closest planet to the moon
the moon is the closest to the earth
The closest planet to the Moon is Earth. The Moon is Earth's natural satellite and is closest to our planet in terms of distance.
The closest natural object to Earth is the moon.
The Earth is the closest body to the moon.
Waxing Gibbous. The Moon will be full this weekend, and will appear larger than usual, because the full moon coincides with perigee, the Moon's closest approach to Earth.
New Moon Phase
In the new Moon phase.
New Moon Phase
The crescent Moon implies a gibbous Earth, as seen from the Moon.
Earth (if you mean Earth's moon)