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Mitochondria and chloroplasts are organelles that possess their own DNA, which is distinct from the nuclear DNA found in the cell's nucleus. This mitochondrial and plastid DNA is thought to be a remnant of their evolutionary origins, as these organelles are believed to have originated from free-living prokaryotes through endosymbiosis. The presence of their own DNA supports the concept of maternal inheritance in genetic material, as mitochondria are typically passed down from mother to offspring, thereby influencing traits and genetic disorders. This unique inheritance pattern plays a crucial role in studying evolutionary Biology and human genetics.

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