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Polonium is seated in the block numbered 84. As an alpha particle is emiited then the parent element is shifted to the block numbered 2 less right from the present one. So it gets shifted to 82. This is the place for lead Pb

So Po, the parent gets changed to Pb.

Mass number 218 will be reduced by 4. So the daught element would be 82 Pb 214

So the most general rule is that as alpha particle which is nothing but the helium nucleus comes out of the parent then daughter has two less in its atomic number and 4 less in its mass number as helium nucleus is 2He4

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