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There are a number of structures that are found within a typical animal cell's cytoplasm. Here is a comprehensive list of the most common organelles and a BRIEF description of their functions. Nucleus - Houses genetic material (DNA) and protects the integrity of it. The nucleus also regulates gene expression. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) - The RER is continuous with the nucleus, and has ribosomes attached to its walls. This is the site of protein synthesis. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) - The SER lacks ribosomes and is not attached to the nucleus. SER has many functions including lipid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and aids in detoxification. Mitochondria - Site of most of the cell's energy production, which is in the form of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate). Golgi Apparatus - Its the packaging and routing center of the cell. Modifies proteins that arrive from the RER. It also envelopes proteins and lipids in vesicles for transport throughout and outside the cell. Centrioles - Functions in cell division by migrating to opposite poles of the cell, and producing spindle fibers which aid in the division. Lysosomes - Vesicles filled with digestive enzymes that aid in the removal of harmful bacteria and non-functioning organelles. Peroxisomes - Aids in detoxification of harmful peroxide molecules, and metabolizes fatty acids. Cytoskeleton - A combination of microtubules and microfilaments. Provides for support, shape, and motion of the cell.

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