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Robert Boyle proposed a definition of chemical elements that led to the currently accepted definition. His definition is strikingly similar to Aristotle's earlier definition. In The Sceptical Chymist (1661) Boyle wrote, "I now mean by elements … certain primitive and simple, or perfectly unmingled bodies; which not being made of any other bodies, or of one another, are the ingredients of which all those called perfectly mixed bodies [chemical compounds] are immediately compounded, and into which they are ultimately resolved." However he also declared that elements must be identified by experiments, not by "pure reason" as Aristotle had identified his four classical elements.

In 1789 Antoine Lavoisier published a list of chemical elements based on Boyle's definition.

In 1803 John Dalton proposed (as part of his atomic theory) that all atoms of an element have identical properties (including mass), that these atoms are unchanged by chemical action, and that atoms of different elements react with one another in simple proportions.

in 1869 Dmitri Mendeleev was the first to publish a Periodic Table of the then known elements similar to the one used today.

Many other scientists also made contributions to this idea over time.

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The concept of atoms was proposed by the Greek philosopher Democritus around 400 BCE. However, the modern atomic theory was developed by John Dalton in the early 19th century, which expanded on the idea of atoms as indivisible particles that make up all matter.


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Who is The schoolteacher who studied atoms and proposed an atomic theory?

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