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What does it mean to say that a set of functional dependencies is irreducible?

Functional dependencies is group of people that try to make the world look nice by painting the eggs in everyday of their live, so a set of functional dependencies is irreducible means the colorful eggs


Find out functional dependencies?

A constraint between two sets of attributes is known as functional dependency in relational database. Determination of functional dependencies is vital in database denormalization, normalization and relational model.


What is cross functional flow chart?

A cross functional flowchart is a flow chart that more closely specifies which part of the flowchart is performed by which entity. E.a. when a process is executed as a collaboration of departments, a x-functional flowchart specifies which part of the process is executed by which entity. In order to do that the clowchart is extended by a swimline that is divided up into the collaborating entities and thus divides the flowchart into functional areas.


How can one determine keys from functional dependencies?

To determine keys from functional dependencies, one can use the closure of attributes to identify superkeys and then eliminate any redundant attributes to find the minimal key. This process involves applying the Armstrong's axioms and the closure property to determine the set of attributes that uniquely identify each tuple in a relation.


Document approved by the President which delineates the general geographical area of responsibility for geographic combatant commanders and specifies functional responsibilities for functional combat?

Unified command


Axioms for functional dependencies and inclusion dependencies?

4. Functional dependencyIn relational database theory, a functional dependency is a constraint between two sets of attributes in a relation from a database.Given a relation R, a set of attributes X in R is said to functionally determine another set of attributes Y, also in R, (written X → Y) if, and only if, each X value is associated with precisely one Y value; R is then said to satisfy the functional dependency X → Y. Equivalently, the projection is a function, i.e. Y is a function of X.[1][2] In simple words, if the values for the X attributes are known (say they are x), then the values for the Y attributes corresponding to x can be determined by looking them up in any tuple of Rcontaining x. Customarily X is called the determinant set and Y the dependent set. A functional dependency FD: X → Y is called trivial if Y is a subset of X.The determination of functional dependencies is an important part of designing databases in the relational model, and in database normalization and denormalization. A simple application of functional dependencies is Heath's theorem; it says that a relation R over an attribute set U and satisfying a functional dependency X → Y can be safely split in two relations having the lossless-join decomposition property, namely into where Z = U − XY are the rest of the attributes. (Unions of attribute sets are customarily denoted by mere juxtapositions in database theory.) An important notion in this context is a candidate key, defined as a minimal set of attributes that functionally determine all of the attributes in a relation. The functional dependencies, along with the attribute domains, are selected so as to generate constraints that would exclude as much data inappropriate to the user domain from the system as possible.A notion of logical implication is defined for functional dependencies in the following way: a set of functional dependencies logically implies another set of dependencies , if any relation R satisfying all dependencies from also satisfies all dependencies from ; this is usually written . The notion of logical implication for functional dependencies admits a sound and complete finite axiomatization, known as Armstrong's axioms.Properties and axiomatization of functional dependenciesGiven that X, Y, and Z are sets of attributes in a relation R, one can derive several properties of functional dependencies. Among the most important are the following, usually called Armstrong's axioms:[3]Reflexivity: If Y is a subset of X, then X → YAugmentation: If X → Y, then XZ → YZTransitivity: If X → Y and Y → Z, then X → Z"Reflexivity" can be weakened to just , i.e. it is an actual axiom, where the other two are proper inference rules, more precisely giving rise to the following rules of syntactic consequence:[4].These three rules are a sound and complete axiomatization of functional dependencies. This axiomatization is sometimes described as finite because the number of inference rules is finite,[5] with the caveat that the axiom and rules of inference are all schemata, meaning that the X, Y and Z range over all ground terms (attribute sets).[4]From these rules, we can derive these secondary rules:[3]Union: If X → Y and X → Z, then X → YZDecomposition: If X → YZ, then X → Y and X → ZPseudotransitivity: If X → Y and WY→ Z, then WX → ZThe union and decomposition rules can be combined in a logical equivalence stating that X → YZ, holds iff X → Y and X → Z. This is sometimes called the splitting/combining rule.[6]Another rule that is sometimes handy is:[7]Composition: If X → Y and Z → W, then XZ → YWEquivalent sets of functional dependencies are called covers of each other. Every set of functional dependencies has a canonical cover.


How much oil does a school bus hold?

As much as the engine manufacturer specifies.


What are the dependencies of the Faroe Islands?

They have no dependencies. They are themselves an autonomous region of the Kingdom of Denmark. No dependencies, that is correct.


Armstrongs axioms in databases?

Armstrong's axioms are a set of rules used in database theory to infer all functional dependencies on a relational database. They consist of three primary rules: reflexivity, augmentation, and transitivity. Reflexivity states that if a set of attributes A is a subset of a set B, then B functionally determines A. Augmentation allows for the addition of attributes to both sides of a functional dependency, while transitivity infers that if A determines B and B determines C, then A determines C. These axioms form the foundation for reasoning about functional dependencies in relational schemas.


When was Cragston Dependencies created?

Cragston Dependencies was created in 1860.


The document approved by the President which delineates the general geographical area of responsibility for geographic combatant commanders and specifies functional responsibilities for functional com?

The document you are referring to is called the Unified Command Plan. It is approved by the President and assigns geographic areas of responsibility to combatant commanders. It also outlines functional responsibilities for functional combatant commanders, such as transportation or cyber operations.


Why 4NF is preferable then bcnf .with example?

Normalization is a process to reduce the redundancy by removing function dependencies BCNF (Boyece code normal form) has all functional dependencies A to B are trivial of discriminator should be superkey. To get relation in BCNF, Splitting the relation schema not neccessarily preserve all functional dependency, Loss less decomposition and dependency are main points for the normalization sometime, it is not possible to get a BCNF decomposition that is dependency, preserving. While 4NF has very similar definition as BCNF. A relational Schema is in 4NF, if all multivalued dependencies A to B are trivial and determinate A is superkey of schema. If a relational schema is in 4nf, it is already in BCNF. and 4NF decomposition preserve the all functional dependency. so 4NF is preferable than to have BCNF.