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The theorist who claimed that individuals rise to their proper level in society based solely on personal merit is often associated with the concept of meritocracy. While various thinkers have contributed to this idea, one prominent figure is the sociologist Michael Young, who popularized the term "meritocracy" in his 1958 book "The Rise of the Meritocracy." Young's concept critiques the belief that merit alone determines success, highlighting the complexities of social mobility and inequality.

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