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Bacteria do live in and on our bodies, in fact we could not live without the bacteria that live symbiotically in our gut helping us digest foods and forming the majority of the mass of our feces.

However there are many places in our bodies where bacteria can harm us when they live there, causing diseases. Our immune system attempts to track down and kill bacteria (as well as viruses, parasites, fungi, etc.) in those places and limit the damage. One part of the immune system reacts as a "generalist" attacking all unknown foreign cells that it does not recognize as "self", another part of the immune system reacts as a "specialist" learning what has attacked us and preparing to fight that in the future when it is encountered again. This "specialist" portion of the immune system can be preactivated by vaccination to prevent disease.

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8y ago

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