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It points to the law of linear conservation of momentum, the total momentum after collision is the same as before the collision, say each car including driver has a mass of 200 kg, car A is moving at 5 metres / second, car B is stationary. Momentum of the moving car makes up all the momentum prior to collision and is = mass * velocity = 200 * 5 = 1000 kg.m/s, assuming an elastic(or perfect) collision, in which no energy is lost as heat or noise, the momentum after the collision will still be 1000 kg.m/s, but the mass will have increased to 400 kg (total of both cars), so the equation after collision:

1000 = 400 * velocity, velocity = 1000 / 400 = 2.5 metres / second

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