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It is mainly due to the vast distances involved, compared with the relative small size of the planet.

To put it into perspective, a planet in orbit around a star 10 light years away (relatively close for a star) is 60 trillion miles away (60,000,000,000,000). The distance of Neptune (furthest planet in our solar system) is around 3.7 billion miles away (3,700,000,000). So the Exoplanet in this example is roughly 16000 times that distance.

The brightness of the star also overwhelms the nearby planets in orbit around it. Planets are much smaller than stars and tend not to emit light.

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