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The answer is both simple and complex.

The lava from below pushes up from underground. The rim of the hole becomes coated with cooled lava. as this process continues the rim gets higher and higher.

It gets smaller towards the top as a result of simple gravitational dynamics.

The particles that would make the cone a cylinder fall away and never become a permanent part of the wall.

In addition as it grows plugs form; which allow the outside to harden even more resisting the internal pressure to bulge.

Most of the lava which exits the volcano tends to gather at the lowest level outside the cone, which also makes the base wider.

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15y ago

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