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The explanation lies in how the stomata works. They regulate any gases that pass through them. When the temperature is too hot, it will close to conserve water vapor but this will block CO2 coming in also. Therefore plants don't want to have their stomata closed all the time nor opened all the time. Sunlight hits the top of the leaves and therefore the temperature and light intensity is higher on the top surface of the leaves. If many stomata were to be located on the top, the plant would loose much of its water and when the stomata closes to conserve water, it won't get as much CO2. Therefore for most plants, the stomata stay on the bottom where the temperature is a bit cooler. Also it is protected from the wind since wind can cause evaporation of water.

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13y ago

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