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During which phase of mitosis are chromosomes attaching to the spindle?
Chromosomes attach to the mitotic spindle during the metaphase of mitosis. Part of the answer depends on how you define the stages of mitosis and not everybody does this the same way. The short answer is all of them.
Does the random sorting of chromosomes during anaphaseII help create unique gametes?
In meiosis, the production of unique gametes is a function of two things that happen during meiosis I in metaphase I: independent assortment of the chromosomes as they line up on the metaphase plate, and crossing over that occurs between chromosomes in the same tetrad. You can think of independent assortment as a type of random assortment if you like. Consider just the tetrads for the 1st and 7th chromosome. In the tetrads, there will be one chromosome that was inherited from the father and one chromosome from the mother (we can all them F and M). On the metaphase plate, chromosome 1 might have F on the left and M on the right, but that doesn't mean that the 7th chromosomes have to line up that way too: they line up independently of all the other tetrads, so have an equally likely chance of having F on left and M on right as having F on right and M and left. It is that randomness, which we refer to as independent assortment, that causes a great deal of variation in the gametes, because how the chromosomes are lined up during metaphase I sets the tone for where the chromosomes go in the remaining parts of meiosis, I and II. Crossing over, where a piece of F for chromosome 1 might swap places with a piece of M for chromosome 1, is another source of variation in the gametes. During anaphase II, there is not anything like either of these two events.
Is the DNA made of chromosomes?
Yes, chromosomes contain tightly compacted DNA and proteins. Chromosomes are the form that DNA is found in when the cell is undergoing division, during other phases the DNA is less tightly coiled.
How do number of chromosome affects the genes and DNA?
Not at a fundamental level, chromosomes are just the way that genes are clumped together. But on a practical level, chromosomes are what the cells manipulate during growth and (especially) during reproduction.
Why does DNA have to be folded in chromosomes?
To be more organized, to save space. Because DNA is so long, the cell compacts them using histones to form nucleosomes, which are again compacted to form the chromosomes. This way, the cell can save more space while it is undergoing mitosis or meiosis.
How long does the lining up of chromosomes during metaphase 1 of meiosis differ from the way they line up during metaphase of mitosis?
3 weeks
During which phase of mitosis are chromosomes attaching to the spindle?
Chromosomes attach to the mitotic spindle during the metaphase of mitosis. Part of the answer depends on how you define the stages of mitosis and not everybody does this the same way. The short answer is all of them.
When do chromosomes line up at the equator of a cell?
Chromosomes line up with their centromeres on the equator during metaphase of any eukaryotic cell division: mitosis, meiosis I, or meiosis II.During metaphase the arms of the chromosomes are spread out, but it will be the centromeres that lead the way towards the poles during anaphase. This is because in metaphase some spindle fibers, which are formed by the cytoskeleton, attach to the centromeres. It is the contraction of these fibers that pulls the chromosomes (daughter-chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis II) towards the poles in anaphase.There is an important checkpoint during metaphase. If the spindle fibers are not correctly attached, division should stop. However, a few mistakes slip through the net, and sometimes both daughter-chromosomes of a pair (in other words, a pair of former sister-chromatids) move to the same pole. This phenomenon is called non-disjunction, and leads to an abnormal number of chromosomes in both daughter-nuclei.
Why do chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell during metaphase?
During metaphase, chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell to ensure that they are evenly distributed to the two daughter cells during cell division. This alignment helps to ensure each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes. It also allows for proper segregation of genetic material.
What is the relationship between independent assortment and meiosis?
Meiosis 1 is the process of separating chromosomes (independent assortment). Independent assortment is the random assortment of chromosomes. So without meiosis, there would be no way to separate the chromosomes randomly. Hope that helps(:
Does the random sorting of chromosomes during anaphaseII help create unique gametes?
In meiosis, the production of unique gametes is a function of two things that happen during meiosis I in metaphase I: independent assortment of the chromosomes as they line up on the metaphase plate, and crossing over that occurs between chromosomes in the same tetrad. You can think of independent assortment as a type of random assortment if you like. Consider just the tetrads for the 1st and 7th chromosome. In the tetrads, there will be one chromosome that was inherited from the father and one chromosome from the mother (we can all them F and M). On the metaphase plate, chromosome 1 might have F on the left and M on the right, but that doesn't mean that the 7th chromosomes have to line up that way too: they line up independently of all the other tetrads, so have an equally likely chance of having F on left and M on right as having F on right and M and left. It is that randomness, which we refer to as independent assortment, that causes a great deal of variation in the gametes, because how the chromosomes are lined up during metaphase I sets the tone for where the chromosomes go in the remaining parts of meiosis, I and II. Crossing over, where a piece of F for chromosome 1 might swap places with a piece of M for chromosome 1, is another source of variation in the gametes. During anaphase II, there is not anything like either of these two events.
What are the four phases of mitosis.?
The events of mitosis, or the stages, are prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. A way to remember the order of the stages is "PMAT."In prophase, the cell multiplies its genetic materials. In metaphase they line evenly across the center of the cell to prepare to split. In anaphase, the cell begins to separate and the genetic material moves toward the poles. The last stage, telophase, is when the cell has successfully split into two genetically identical cells. This happens in plant cells.The first and longest phase of mitosis, prophase, can take as much as 50-60% of the total time required to complete mitosis. During prophase, the chromosomes become visible. The Centrioles, two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope, separate and take up positions on opposite sides of the nucleus.The Centrioles lie in a region called the centrosome that helps to organize the spindle, a fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes. During prophase, the condensed chromosomes become attached to fibers in the spindle at a point near the Centromere of each Chromatid. Interestingly, plant cells do not have centrosomes, but still organize their mitotic spindles from centrosomes.Near the end of the prophase, the chromosomes coil more tightly. In addition, the nucleolus disappears, and the nuclear envelope breaks down.Prophase: Chromosomes condense, centrioles form, Metaphase chromosomes lineup at the metaphase plate (midline), anaphase chromatids separate and are pulled at centrioles by kinetochores, and teleophase: nucleus reforms, and cytokinesis the cells bud from each other.....
Is the DNA made of chromosomes?
Yes, chromosomes contain tightly compacted DNA and proteins. Chromosomes are the form that DNA is found in when the cell is undergoing division, during other phases the DNA is less tightly coiled.
Are chromosomes tightly packed DNA or loosely packed DNA?
Chromosomes are tightly packed DNA, consisting of long strands of DNA wrapped around proteins called histones. This compact structure helps to ensure that the DNA is able to fit inside the nucleus of a cell and is organized in a way that allows for efficient regulation and replication.
How do number of chromosome affects the genes and DNA?
Not at a fundamental level, chromosomes are just the way that genes are clumped together. But on a practical level, chromosomes are what the cells manipulate during growth and (especially) during reproduction.
Why are chromosomes organized into groups?
elements with the same number of valence electrons fall in the same group
What events occur during each step of mitosis?
Mitosis is a very accurate way of distributing identical copies of a large amount of genetic material to two daughter cells. Experiments with yeast cells, for example, indicate that an error in chromosome distribution occurs only once in about 100,000 cell divisions.
