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The protein-coding regions of most human genomes are largely identical due to the shared evolutionary history of humans, which includes a common ancestor from which all modern humans descended. These regions, known as exons, are conserved because they encode essential proteins necessary for fundamental biological processes. Natural selection tends to preserve these sequences, as mutations in crucial protein-coding areas often result in nonviable or less fit organisms. Consequently, beneficial or neutral variations are more likely to be retained, leading to high similarity in protein-coding regions among individuals.

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