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New Zealand lies across two tectonic plates, the Pacific and the Indo-Australian. This is a convergent boundary, where the Pacific Plate dives under the I-A one. As the ocean floor descends into the earth, it heats up and is melted. The molten portions sometimes force their way to the surface as a volcano. [Ignoring Fiordland for the moment]

In addition to the volcanoes on the main islands, there are a couple of active volcanoes, just offshore, White Island and Mayor Island.

In New Zealand's wider territories, are included Raoul Island, a quite active volcano, and in the Ross Dependency in the Antarctic is Antarctica's only active volcano, Mt Erebus.

In the North Island are Ruapehu, Tongariro, Ngaruahoe, and Taranaki, all considered to be active, though Taranaki may be dormant. Time will tell.

The same subduction process are responsible for a number of hot springs and geothermal areas. Some of the geothermal areas have their steam used for electric power generation.

In the South island are a number of dormant, or more probably extinct, volcanoes.

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