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Why does p-nitrophenol has higher boiling point than o-nitrophenol?

o-nitrophenol forms intramolecular H bond and no association occurs whereas molecules of p-nitrophenol get associated through intermolecular H bonding and boils relatively at higher tem. (above the B.P.of water). Hence,only ortho-nitrophenol is steam volatile.


Why 4-nitrophenol more polar than 2-nitrophenol?

4-Nitrophenol is more polar than 2-nitrophenol primarily due to the positioning of the nitro group relative to the hydroxyl group. In 4-nitrophenol, the nitro group is located para to the hydroxyl group, allowing for effective resonance and dipole interactions that enhance polarity. In contrast, in 2-nitrophenol, the nitro group is ortho to the hydroxyl group, where steric hindrance and less effective resonance diminish the overall polarity. As a result, the intermolecular forces in 4-nitrophenol are stronger, contributing to its increased polarity.


Is the freezing point of ice cream lower or higher than the freezing point of water?

It is lower.


Can the freezing point be lower than its boiling point in a constant pressure?

At a constant pressure, the freezing point is always going to be lower than the boiling point.


Which has the lower freezing point oxygen or ethanol?

Oxygen has a lower point.


Whose dipole moment is greater- orthonitrophenol or paranitrophenol?

The dipole moment of para-nitrophenol is greater than ortho-nitrophenol. This is because in para-nitrophenol, the nitro group is positioned opposite to the hydroxyl group, leading to a higher dipole moment due to the greater separation between the polar groups.


What has a lower melting point than ionic solids?

Covalent compounds have a lower melting point.


What usually has a lower melting point than ionic solids?

Covalent compounds have a lower melting point.


Does ethanol has the lower boiling point?

It depends what chemical or compound you are comparing the boiling point to. Ethanol has an atmospheric pressure boiling point of 78.1 °C (172.6 °F). This is slightly lower than the boiling point of water at the same pressure, much lower than the boiling point of iron, much higher than the boiling point of bromine.


Will the freezing point always be a lower temperature than the boiling point?

Yes


Will the freezing point always be lower temperature than the boiling point?

Yes


Is a point outside a contour line higher or lower than the contour line?

lower.