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Plants need carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose which can be used for energy. But they cannot use these molecules on their own. They need sunlight to split the water into its constituent hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen is transported to ultimately reduce carbon dioxide to glucose in what is called the Calvin Cycle. The oxygen is given off as waste.

Multitudinous glucose molecules can be strung together into starch and stored, to be used when there is no sunlight, but this starch-store will eventually be used up and, if no more light is given to the plant, it will not be able to continue glucose production and will die as glucose is its energy source.

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