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Barium carbonate will react with hydrochloric acid in the stomach forming soluble barium chloride which can be absorbed into the blood.

BaCO3(aq) + 2HCl(l) ---> BaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

Barium sulphate, however, does not react with hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Thus, it passes straight through the alimentary canal unchanged and the individual is not poisoned.

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