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Cells primarily rely on glucose and fat for energy because they are more efficient sources of ATP, the energy currency of the cell. Glucose is readily metabolized through glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, while fats provide a high energy yield through beta-oxidation. Proteins, on the other hand, are primarily used for growth, repair, and regulatory functions rather than energy, as their breakdown is more complex and less efficient for immediate energy needs. Additionally, using proteins for energy can lead to detrimental effects on muscle and tissue health.

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