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Chloramphenicol is metabolized by the liver. A baby's liver is not mature enough to metabolize this drug. Therefore the levels of Chloramphenicol increase in the baby's body, as there is no way for the baby to get rid of the drug. This causes cardiovascular collapse (severe hypotension), cyanosis, flaccidity, and vomiting.

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Is Chloramphenicol safe for pregnant woman?

From www.medsafe.govt :"Chloramphenicol enters the foetal circulation, and if given to the mother shortly before parturition, may cause the gray baby syndrome, with cyanosis and hypothermia, owing to the limited glucoronidating capacity of the newborn infant's liver. Chloramphenicol treatment should, therefore, be avoided during the last week before parturition and during breast feeding."http://www.medsafe.govt.nz/profs/datasheet/c/chlorsigeyedropeyeoint.htm


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