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Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the main energy Transformers of cells
• Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the organelles that convert energy to forms that cells can use for work.
• Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration, generating ATP from the catabolism of sugars, fats, and other fuels in the presence of oxygen.
• Chloroplasts, found in plants and eukaryotic algae, are the site of photosynthesis.
• They convert solar energy to chemical energy and synthesize new organic compounds from CO2 and H2O.
• Mitochondria and chloroplasts are not part of the endomembrane system.
• Their proteins come primarily from free ribosomes in the cytosol and a few from their own ribosomes.
• Both organelles have small quantities of DNA that direct the synthesis of the polypeptides produced by these internal ribosomes.
• Mitochondria and chloroplasts grow and reproduce as semiautonomous organelles.
• Almost all eukaryotic cells have mitochondria.
• There may be one very large mitochondrion or hundreds to thousands in individual mitochondria.
• The number of mitochondria is correlated with aerobic metabolic activity.
• A typical mitochondrion is 1-10 microns long.
• Mitochondria are quite dynamic: moving, changing shape, and dividing.
• Mitochondria have a smooth outer membrane and a highly folded inner membrane, the cristae.
• This creates a fluid-filled space between them.
• The cristae present ample surface area for the enzymes that synthesize ATP.
• The inner membrane encloses the mitochondrial matrix, a fluid-filled space with DNA, ribosomes, and enzymes.
• The chloroplast is one of several members of a generalized class of plant structures called plastids.
• Amyloplasts store starch in roots and tubers.
• Chromoplasts store pigments for fruits and flowers.
• The chloroplast produces sugar via photosynthesis.
• Chloroplasts gain their color from high levels of the green pigment chlorophyll.
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• Chloroplasts measure about 2 microns x 5 microns and are found in leaves and other green structures of plants and in eukaryotic algae.
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• The processes in the chloroplast are separated from the cytosol by two membranes.
• Inside the innermost membrane is a fluid-filled space, the stroma, in which float membranous sacs, the thylakoids.
• The stroma contains DNA, ribosomes, and enzymes for part of photosynthesis.
• The thylakoids, flattened sacs, are stacked into grana and are critical for converting light to chemical energy.
Peroxisomes generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions
• Peroxisomes contain enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen
• An intermediate product of this process is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a poison, but the peroxisome has another enzyme that converts H2O2 to water (contain catalaze!).
• Some peroxisomes break fatty acids down to smaller molecules that are transported to mitochondria for fuel.
• Others detoxify alcohol and other harmful compounds.
• Specialized peroxisomes, glyoxysomes, convert the fatty acids in seeds to sugars, an easier energy and carbon source to transport.
• Peroxisomes are bounded by a single membrane.
• They form not from the endomembrane system, but by incorporation of proteins and lipids from the cytosol.
• They split in two when they reach a certain size.
What else can I help you with?
What process take places inside choroplast?
Photosynthesis; in which energy from sunlight is converted into chemical energy-food.
Can plants be called energy converter?
Yes, plants can be called energy converters because they are able to capture sunlight through photosynthesis and convert it into chemical energy in the form of glucose. This process is essential for providing energy to the plant itself, as well as supporting other organisms in the ecosystem.
Why are plants energy converters?
Plants use photosynthesis to turn sunlight (radiant energy, light) into chemical energy, which is stored in organic compounds such as sugars, starches, and cellulose.
What does choroplast mean?
Chloroplasts are specialized organelles found in plant cells that are responsible for photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose. They contain chlorophyll, the pigment that gives plants their green color and is essential for capturing light energy.
Why do plant cells have choroplast and animal cells?
Plant cells have chloroplasts because they undergo photosynthesis, a process that converts sunlight into energy. Animal cells do not have chloroplasts because they do not perform photosynthesis; instead, they rely on consuming other organisms for energy.
What are energy converters?
Energy can change its forms. Scientists developed these devices as energy converters or energy changers.
What process take places inside choroplast?
Photosynthesis; in which energy from sunlight is converted into chemical energy-food.
What is the choroplast in a plant cell?
chloroplast's are the green stuff in the cell that makes energy from the sun into food for the plant cell
Do Energy Converters have Resistance?
Energy converters generally have some resistance due to factors such as the materials used, the design of the device, and the process of converting energy from one form to another. This resistance can lead to energy losses in the form of heat or other forms of waste energy. Efficient energy converters aim to minimize this resistance in order to maximize the efficiency of energy conversion.
What does a choroplast do in a cell?
It makes energy from the sun light into food for the plant cell. It also contains chlorophyll, which makes plant green.
What does the choroplast in a cell do?
It makes energy from the sun light into food for the plant cell. It also contains chlorophyll, which makes plant green.
What is the color of choroplast?
green
What minecraft mod has the energy link?
The energy link is part of the Power Converters mod.
Why are catalytic converters called catalytic converters?
Because they have a chemical catalyst inside them which neutralizes harmful emissions.
Why can dry cell batteries be thought of as energy converters?
They convert the chemical energy stored in the cell into electrical energy.
Can plants be called energy converter?
Yes, plants can be called energy converters because they are able to capture sunlight through photosynthesis and convert it into chemical energy in the form of glucose. This process is essential for providing energy to the plant itself, as well as supporting other organisms in the ecosystem.
What contains choroplast?
Chlorophill for photosynthesis
