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Sodium, potassium, barium, strontium, lithium, and copper burn different colors due to the unique electron configurations of their atoms. When these elements are heated, their electrons absorb energy and jump to higher energy levels. As they return to their original levels, they release energy in the form of light, which appears as specific colors corresponding to the wavelengths of light emitted. Each element emits a characteristic color based on its atomic structure, leading to the distinct flame colors observed.

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