With an ester, excess Grignard is needed, because the first equivalent pushes out the leaving group, and the second equivalent educes the resulting ketone into an alcohol (after protonation by water).
Ter. alcohols are those in which alpha carbon (carbon bearing halogen atom) is attached to three other carbon atoms, in aldehyde there is only one and in ketones there are two carbons attached to alpha carbon so by hydrogenation aldehydes may be converted into primary alcohols and ketones into secondary alcohols so preparation of ter. alcohols is not possible. however ketones with Grignard's reagents may produce tertiary alcohols.
The general formula for aldehydes is RCHO (where R is a hydrocarbon group), and the general formula for ketones is R2CO (where R is a hydrocarbon group).
Aldehydes and ketones haven't an -OH group.
KCN does not react with aldehydes and ketones because these compounds do not have an acidic hydrogen that can be removed to form an enolate ion, which is necessary for nucleophilic addition reactions with cyanide ions. Aldehydes and ketones lack the necessary alpha carbon acidity to undergo this reaction with KCN.
No, monomers and polymers of aldehydes and ketones do not have hydroxyl groups attached. Aldehydes and ketones have a carbonyl group (C=O) attached to at least one carbon atom and do not have any hydroxyl groups (-OH) attached to the carbon chain.
Aldehydes and ketones add only one equivalent of Grignard reagent because the reaction forms a stable intermediate that prevents further addition of the reagent.
ketones and aldehydes
Aldehydes are generally more acidic than ketones due to the presence of a hydrogen atom attached to the carbonyl group in aldehydes, which can be easily donated as a proton. This makes aldehydes more reactive towards nucleophiles compared to ketones.
Ter. alcohols are those in which alpha carbon (carbon bearing halogen atom) is attached to three other carbon atoms, in aldehyde there is only one and in ketones there are two carbons attached to alpha carbon so by hydrogenation aldehydes may be converted into primary alcohols and ketones into secondary alcohols so preparation of ter. alcohols is not possible. however ketones with Grignard's reagents may produce tertiary alcohols.
The general formula for aldehydes is RCHO (where R is a hydrocarbon group), and the general formula for ketones is R2CO (where R is a hydrocarbon group).
Aldehydes and ketones are both types of organic compounds with a carbonyl group, but the key difference is their location within the molecule. Aldehydes have the carbonyl group at the end of a carbon chain, while ketones have it in the middle. This structural variance leads to differences in their chemical properties and reactivity.
Aldehydes and ketones
Aldehydes are less sterically hindered than ketones. Also, aldehydes have fewer electron donating groups (EDG's) which can stabilize an electron-poor area. The extra carbon chain that ketones have that aldehydes do not have are the reason for both of these things. The neighboring carbon to the carbonyl carbon is an EDG and the carbon chain causes steric hindrance.
Aldehydes and ketones contain the carbonyl group C=O.
Ketones and aldehydes are both organic compounds that contain a carbonyl functional group (C=O). The main difference between them is in the placement of the carbonyl group: ketones have the carbonyl group located in the middle of the carbon chain, while aldehydes have it at the end of the chain. Both ketones and aldehydes are important in various chemical reactions and serve as building blocks for more complex molecules.
Ketones or Aldehydes DO NOT react with Sodium Bicarbonate..generally only Carboxilic acids have the ability to do it!
The Tollens test involves the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids by silver ions in a basic solution. This forms a silver mirror on the inside of the test tube. Ketones do not react with Tollens reagent and do not produce a silver mirror. This test is used to differentiate between aldehydes and ketones based on their reactivity with Tollens reagent.