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Atoms become polarized when an external electric field or nearby charged particles cause the distribution of their electrons to shift, resulting in a temporary separation of positive and negative charges within the atom. This distortion creates a dipole moment, where one side of the atom becomes slightly more positive and the other side more negative. Polarization can also occur in molecules, leading to induced dipoles and affecting their interactions with other atoms or molecules. Overall, polarization plays a crucial role in various chemical and physical processes, including the formation of bonds and the behavior of materials in electric fields.

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2mo ago

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