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The elements at the bottom of column 1 in a wide form periodic table react more violently with water than do the elements at the top of the column because it requires less energy to remove an electron from the outer shell of elements near the bottom of the table than from an element near the top of the table. The pre-quantum explanation of this difference is that the valence shell electrons in the larger elements at the bottom of the column are "shielded" from the attraction of the positive nucleus by the many inner shell electrons present in the larger elements.

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