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Although the entire road area drainage ditches, margins, road surface and medians must be constructed to prevent flooding, the normal effects of rain and other precipitation must be addressed as well. Both rain and melting ice and snow can erode potholes into the surface of the road, the freezing of water in road cracks can cause growth of the cracks and heaving of the road surface. This can be prevented by a good drainage system from the road surface.

The other problem occurs when standing water is allowed to collect on the roads. This can lead to hydroplaning of car tyres with the loss of control of vehicles. Standing water can also freeze leading to a slippery and unsafe road surface.

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