The temperatures of the 8 major planets change as you get further away from the sun for the same reason the temperature changes as you move farther from a fire. Heat radiates, but loses intensity the farther you move away from the heat source.
The only apparent exception to this is Venus, which is hotter than Mercury even though it's further away from the Sun. This is because Venus has a runaway greenhouse effect due to its atmosphere trapping heat.
The further planets have longer years because their orbits are farther away from the sun, so it takes them longer to complete one orbit. The lower temperatures are a result of receiving less heat and light from the sun due to their distance, making them colder compared to the planets closer to the sun.
It depends on what you mean by "close"
Yes, planets get colder when they are farther away from the sun because they receive less sunlight and heat. The distance from the sun determines the amount of solar energy a planet receives, which affects its average temperature.
The pH of soil will change as you move further away from a lake due to the increase of nutrients found in soil.
Temperatures are generally hotter the closer you are to the equator, and colder the farther you are from it. This is because the equator receives more direct sunlight throughout the year compared to regions further away.
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The further planets have longer years because their orbits are farther away from the sun, so it takes them longer to complete one orbit. The lower temperatures are a result of receiving less heat and light from the sun due to their distance, making them colder compared to the planets closer to the sun.
Other things being equal, the tendency is for the planets to get colder in that case.
Outer planets are gas planets and they are outside the astroid belt and are further away from the sun.
There are many planets further away from Pluto but they do not orbit the sun so they are not part of our solar system. There are also many stars that are further away from Pluto.
Stars are much further away from earth than the planets. The nearest star other than the sun is over four light years away.
Because we can see the nearest planets through telescopes and for those much further away we can detect them by their effect on other planets and stars.
No. Planets look smaller than the sun because they actually are smaller.
Jupiter, and planets further away from the Sun than Jupiter.
It depends on what you mean by "close"
The planets that are closest to the sun get more heat than the ones more farther away. The four inner planets are dense and rocky. The four other planets have small solid cores surrounded by vast atmospheres. The four inner planets have one significant satellite among them (the moon), while each of the outer planets has many satellites. The four inner planets are small, while the outer planets are massive.
The planets appear smaller than the sun because they are much smaller in size compared to the sun. Even though they may be further away, it is primarily their smaller size that makes them look smaller in the sky.