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The sea floor pushes the wave up as it becomes more shallow.

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The deeper the water is that a tsunami is traveling through, the faster it travels. The ground under water near most shores slopes down the farther you get from the land, so as a tsunami gets close to shore the front of the tsunami is traveling slower than the back of the tsunami, causing it to pile up on itself. It's sort of like squeezing a baloon between your palms while moving both hands from left to right or right to left.

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