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It happens in most coastal areas of the Earth (not all) and is due to the differing force of gravity at different distances.

The Earth is a 'rigid' body moving in free-fall in its orbit, with the Sun's gravity acting in effect at its centre. The ocean experiences a greater force where the Sun is overhead (because it's closer), and a lesser force at the opposite point (because it's further away). Where the Sun is overhead the net force is towards the Sun, and at the opposite point it is away from the Sun. So there are two areas of deeper water per 24 hours.

In reality the movement of the oceans is complicated by the presence of land-masses, so the actual movement is very complex. It is also made more complex by the Moon's gravity, but the principle is the same.

If the Earth were a long distance from the Sun there would be a smaller difference between the forces on opposite sides of the Earth and the tidal effect would be less.

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