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An alpha particle consists of 2 neutrons and 2 protons which are lost from the nucleus of the decaying particle so the mass of those particles is lost.

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What is the change in the atomic number when an atom emits gamma radiation?

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Setting aside spontaneous fission, which is the natural "splitting" of an atom into fissin fragments, it is alpha decay that results in the greatest change in atomic number. The alpha particle carries off a helium-4 nucleus, which is a pair of protons and a pair of neutrons. Atomic number of an element involved in an alpha decay goes down by two.


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