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Why does one electron in a rubidium atom occupy a 5s orbital rather than a 4d or 4f orbital?
Wiki User
∙ 11y ago
in 5s it is filled but in 4d or 4s its half
Wiki User
∙ 11y ago
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What sound does rubidium make if you hit it?
A dull thud as it is a very soft metal, rather like putty.
Why do electrons move in circular orbit?
Electrons have a negative charge, so they are repelled by the positive charge of the protons in the nucleus.They don't all move in circular orbits, however. Electrons orbit the nucleus in shells; within each shell, only the one or two electrons in the 's' subshell actually orbit the nucleus in approximately a circular fashion. The rest of the electrons in that shell orbit in a more complex motion, dictated by the laws of quantum mechanics.As a chemist who earned my Ph.D. in physical chemistry, I couldn't help but correct the original answer.Firstly, the answer to your question is that electrons do not move in circular orbits around an atom's nucleus. Please read on for further explaination.Secondly, electrons and protons stongly attractone another; they do not repel one another. The Electrostatic Force is extremely powerful. It is the second strongest of the four forces in nature. Only the Nuclear Strong Force is more powerful.Finally, quantum mechanics does not provide a mathematical model of the motion of any electron about an atom's nucleus. Rather, it dictates where a specific electron associated with a particular element's nucleus is allowed to exist and the probability of that electron being in any defined volume of space at any instant. The shapes of the different electron "orbitals" seen in textbooks typically depict the volume of space where an electron in any given orbital is present 95% of the time. An orbital could be drawn to show where an electron in that orbital is found 99% of the time, or an orbital may depict the location of an electron in three dimensions 3% of the time, and so on. The value of 95% is usually used because the orbitals are neither too large nor too small when that value is used for the lighter elements.
How are electron configurations written using the noble gas notation?
"Noble gas configuration" means that in writing out an electron configuration for an atom, rather than writing out the occupation of each and every orbital specifically, you instead lump all of the core electrons together and designate it with the symbol of the corresponding noble gas on the periodic table (in brackets). For example, the noble gas configuration of nitrogen is [He]2s22p3
What is a sentence with electron cloud?
The electron cloud around the nucleus of an atom includes probable locations rather than precise orbitals.Atoms with larger atomic numbers have a larger electron cloud, or system of orbitals.
What is the number of electrons that Br lost in forming?
Br typically gains one electron to achieve a stable electron configuration, rather than losing electrons.
What is the natural thing for the electron to do?
It is rather difficult to answer this question without some sort of context. However, in general terms, I would say that an electron will always occupy the lowest possible energy state. If one is considering a single atom, then an electron will always occupy the lowest energy orbital (for a full list of orbital energies see the Wikipedia article "electronic configuration"). However, if other atoms are present then the electron will not necessarily occupy the lowest energy orbital. For example, in the formation of sulfur hexafluoride electrons are promoted from the 3s and 3p sub shells to the 3d sub shell, whilst this does require energy, the energy released in bonding with fluorine more than compensates for this. I hope this answers your question
How does an element like sodium give up electrons and thereby become more stable?
Atoms want their valence orbitals to be completely filled with electrons. In the case of a sodium atom, there is only 1 electron in its outer orbital. Since sodium has electrons occupying all the molecular orbitals of the previous n shell, it is much easier to just give up the electron and form a complete orbital rather than obtain 7 more electrons to complete the orbital. In addition this would require the ion be a charge of negative 7 which is highly unstable in its own right. In the case of lithium hydrogen and helium, 2 electrons may fill the 1s orbital which is considered to be a full valence shell, lithium will lose an electron to gain the full 1s which hydrogen will gain an electron to fill its 1s orbital and helium will remain inert with the already required 2 electrons filling its 1s orbital.
What sound does rubidium make if you hit it?
A dull thud as it is a very soft metal, rather like putty.
Why does Valence Bond theory sometimes use hybrid orbital rather than r b atomic orbital basis sets?
The Valence Bond Theory uses hybrid electron orbitals because it has been shown that the s and three p orbitals of an electron shell can occur as 4 orbitals with equal energy, thereby producing a single spectrograph line when split through a prism. The s orbital can remain alone, or hybridize with 1, 2, or all 3 p orbitals, refered to as sp, sp2 and sp3 respectively.
What is a Transmission electrons?
a transmission electron microscope uses electron beams rather than light.
What does the second quantum number describe?
The specific orbital within a
Why do electrons move in circular orbit?
Electrons have a negative charge, so they are repelled by the positive charge of the protons in the nucleus.They don't all move in circular orbits, however. Electrons orbit the nucleus in shells; within each shell, only the one or two electrons in the 's' subshell actually orbit the nucleus in approximately a circular fashion. The rest of the electrons in that shell orbit in a more complex motion, dictated by the laws of quantum mechanics.As a chemist who earned my Ph.D. in physical chemistry, I couldn't help but correct the original answer.Firstly, the answer to your question is that electrons do not move in circular orbits around an atom's nucleus. Please read on for further explaination.Secondly, electrons and protons stongly attractone another; they do not repel one another. The Electrostatic Force is extremely powerful. It is the second strongest of the four forces in nature. Only the Nuclear Strong Force is more powerful.Finally, quantum mechanics does not provide a mathematical model of the motion of any electron about an atom's nucleus. Rather, it dictates where a specific electron associated with a particular element's nucleus is allowed to exist and the probability of that electron being in any defined volume of space at any instant. The shapes of the different electron "orbitals" seen in textbooks typically depict the volume of space where an electron in any given orbital is present 95% of the time. An orbital could be drawn to show where an electron in that orbital is found 99% of the time, or an orbital may depict the location of an electron in three dimensions 3% of the time, and so on. The value of 95% is usually used because the orbitals are neither too large nor too small when that value is used for the lighter elements.
What a noble-gas electron configuration is?
"Noble gas configuration" means that in writing out an electron configuration for an atom, rather than writing out the occupation of each and every orbital specifically, you instead lump all of the core electrons together and designate it with the symbol of the corresponding noble gas on the Periodic Table (in brackets). For example, the noble gas configuration of nitrogen is [He]2s22p3
What is an Orbital Sander?
An 'orbital sander' is one in which the motor rotates the sanding plate rather than imposing a back and forth movement. - This is the commonest and mildest wood sander.
Explain why the actual electron configurations for chromium and copper differ from those assigned using the aufbau diagram?
The aufbau procedure (filling order of atomic orbitals) is used to work out the electron confiturations of all atoms. However, modification should be made by applying Hund's rule. The aufbau procedure is based on a rough energy levels diagram of many-electron atoms.
How are electron configurations written using the noble gas notation?
"Noble gas configuration" means that in writing out an electron configuration for an atom, rather than writing out the occupation of each and every orbital specifically, you instead lump all of the core electrons together and designate it with the symbol of the corresponding noble gas on the periodic table (in brackets). For example, the noble gas configuration of nitrogen is [He]2s22p3
What is longhand electron configuration?
There are many types of rules for electron configuration. Look at the Aufbau principle and Hund's rules.In each orbital there is a maximum of two electrons.In a "s" orbital, there are two electrons.In a "p" orbital, there are three sub-orbitals, each containing two electrons. (Thus containing 6 electrons)In a "d" orbital, there are five sub-orbitals, each containing two electrons. (Thus containing 10 electrons)In a "f" orbital, there are seven sub-orbitals, each containing two electrons. (Thus containing 14 electrons)Look at the Aufbau diagram I linked below.The coefficient represents the orbital. Do not use mathematics to try to solve the configurations.1s2 2s2 2p6 : Neon's Electron ConfigurationThe letter following the coefficient describes which type of orbital it is, being s,p,d, or f.The superscript denotes the number of electrons it contains. If you add 2, 2, and 6, you would get 10, Neon's atomic number.
