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In a copper wire each copper atom has two loosely coupled outer thermal atoms (this is why copper has a plus 2 valence)

When an electrical current is passed through the copper wire, the two thermal atoms are pushed onto the next copper atom. Temperature of a copper atom depends on how fast the electrons orbit in the respective copper atoms.

Since thermal electrons make up the electric current which flows through the copper wire, the electrons will continue to orbit the copper atoms as they move across, thus travelling along a helical path

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