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That is a very good question, and is a matter of debate. It does not have the minimum requirements to be "alive", like a cell membrane, nucleus, enzymes and biomolecules.

But on the other hand, it does have genetic material that is coded to replicate itself using a host, i.e. another living cell.

It needs another life form as host, because it alone cannot carry out the tasks of gathering molecules and putting them together in the form of a new virus, but it does have the information necessary to infect and force the host to use its own energy to replicate the very thing that will eventually kill it.

Therefore, virus are considered to be on the very fringes of the term "alive". They do not need nourishment of any kind and can remain active for very long periods of time, almost indefinitely.

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Viruses are not living cells, because

-- they don't use energy to grow or reproduce

-- they cannot reproduce on their own: they need a "host" cell that will turn their genetic material into more viruses

-- they don't eat or produce waste.

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10y ago

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