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'Transform' means to increase or to decrease an a.c. voltage.

Transformers are used to step up lower voltages to higher voltages, or vice-versa. Transformers are an essential component of electricity transmission and distribution systems, as they allow voltage levels to be changed very efficiently.

For a given load, the higher the supply voltage, the lower the resulting load current. So very high voltages are necessary in transmission systems in order to transfer energy with relatively-low values of current -this leads to less voltage drops along the line, less energy losses, etc. Transformers are required to increase voltages for transmission at generating stations, and to reduce voltages for the users at the far end of the transmission/distribution lines.

A.C. is actually less-efficient than d.c. for long transmission lines, but is more widely used because it is very complicated to transform d.c. voltage levels, because transformers do not work with d.c.

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