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Diamond has stronger bonding because of the fact that it has 2p valence orbit whereas Silicon has 3p valence orbit. Moreover we know that as we go farther away from Nucleus the shielding of electrons takes place.Due to this shielding, the bonding becomes weaker. In case of Silicon carbide and Silicon dioxide 3p orbits are participating in bonding. Hence the shielding leads to weakening of bond.Shielding is not there in case of Diamond as mentioned. Hence this is the reason why Diamond is harder.

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