There is a greater repulsive force from the negatively charged anion, thus causing the addition of successive electrons to be electrically unfavorable. Energy is necessary to overcome the electrostatic repulsion, making additional electron affinities endothermic.
For the same reason, the noble gases and nitrogen absorb energy even for their first ionization energy. Greater stability = energy released. It requires energy to disrupt that stability.
When an electron is excited, it absorbs a specific amount of energy to move to a higher energy state. When it returns to its ground state, it releases this absorbed energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation. The energy released is equal to the energy absorbed during excitation, following the principle of conservation of energy.
Cs (cesium), Ba (barium), and Sr (strontium) have low electron affinities primarily due to their large atomic radii and low effective nuclear charge experienced by valence electrons. As alkali and alkaline earth metals, they tend to lose electrons rather than gain them, making the addition of an electron less favorable. Additionally, the energy required to add an electron to these elements is often less than the energy released during the process, leading to low or even positive electron affinity values.
During electron capture, an electron and proton combine and are converted to a neutron.
Energy is released during freezing.
Energy is released during fusion and fission.
Most electron affinities are negative because when an electron is added to an atom, energy is released. This released energy causes the system to become more stable, resulting in a negative change in energy. The negative sign indicates that energy is released during the process.
endothermic
When an electron jumps downward to a lower energy state in an atom, it releases energy in the form of a photon which is emitted. When the electron returns to the outer ring, it absorbs energy in the form of a photon. The energy of the photon absorbed is equal to the energy of the photon released during the downward jump.
During the Formation of postitve ion we have to break the force attraction between nuecleus and electron. while doing so energy is absorbed and process become endothermic.
Light is absorbed during photosynthesis. (That's the meaning of photo!)
When an electron is excited, it absorbs a specific amount of energy to move to a higher energy state. When it returns to its ground state, it releases this absorbed energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation. The energy released is equal to the energy absorbed during excitation, following the principle of conservation of energy.
During the light reactions of photosynthesis, hundreds to thousands of photons may be absorbed by a single chlorophyll molecule in the reaction center of a photosystem. These photons provide the energy needed to drive the electron transport chain and convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.
In photosystem II, the photon of light is absorbed by a pigment molecule, which causes an electron to become excited. This electron is then passed through a series of electron carrier molecules, creating a flow of electrons used to generate ATP and NADPH during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
To calculate the energy difference for an electron transition in a system, you can use the formula E hf, where E is the energy difference, h is Planck's constant, and f is the frequency of the transition. This formula helps determine the amount of energy absorbed or emitted during the electron transition.
The green color is being absorbed
During electron capture, an electron and proton combine and are converted to a neutron.
The three changes of state during which energy is absorbed is: conduction, convection, & radiation.