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The terms "inferior planet" and "superior planet" were originally used in the geocentric cosmology of Claudius Ptolemy to differentiate those planets (Mercury and Venus) having an epicycle that remained collinear with the Earth and Sun, compared to the planets (Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn) that did not.

In the 16th century, the terms were modified by Copernicus, who rejected Ptolemy's geocentric model, to distinguish a planet's orbit's size in relation to the Earth's.

- "Inferior planet" is used in reference to Mercury and Venus, which are closer to the Sun than the Earth is.

- "Superior planet" is used in reference to Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and all the known minor and dwarf planets, including Ceres and Pluto, which are farther from the Sun than the Earth is.

The terms are sometimes used more generally: for instance, the Earth is an inferior planet as seen from Mars.

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