Neither Mercury nor Venus are visible at midnight. Both planets are closer to the Sun than the Earth is.
It depends where you are. Some planets can be seen overhead at different times at latitudes up to about 24 or 25 degrees, but at higher latitudes they are never overhead. They are highest in the sky at midnight in the winter. At that time they are passing through the constellations of Taurus and Gemini when seen from the northern hemisphere, or Ophiuchus and Sagittarius from the southern hemisphere. That applies to all eight planets.
venus... :)
The five outer planets are the ones with bigger orbits than the Earth, which are Mars and the four giant planets. The outer planets can be seen at their brightest at midnight, when they are at opposition. That never happens for the inner planets Mercury and Venus.
There has never been any evidence that Mercury supports life of any type.
The planet Mercury can never be in the sky at your local midnight. Mercury's orbit is so small that as seen from the earth, it's always near the sun. So if the sun has been down for a while, then Mercury also must be down. Venus can be seen later (or earlier) than Mercury, but it's still inside the Earth's orbit and therefore can't be seen at midnight either.
Neither Mercury nor Venus are visible at midnight. Both planets are closer to the Sun than the Earth is.
It depends where you are. Some planets can be seen overhead at different times at latitudes up to about 24 or 25 degrees, but at higher latitudes they are never overhead. They are highest in the sky at midnight in the winter. At that time they are passing through the constellations of Taurus and Gemini when seen from the northern hemisphere, or Ophiuchus and Sagittarius from the southern hemisphere. That applies to all eight planets.
Yes
The sun is never overhead at 42 degrees north.
It never is overhead at noon because Texas is not in the northernmost point where the sun passes directly overhead at noon.
Antarctica would never have the sun directly overhead at any time during the year due to its location near the South Pole. The tilt of Earth's axis ensures that the sun never reaches directly overhead in this region.
MESSENGER never landed on mercury
The US has never been to Mercury.
Never.
never
venus... :)