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The phosphorus ion (P³⁻) is larger than the aluminum ion (Al³⁺) due to differences in their electron configurations and effective nuclear charge. Phosphorus gains three electrons to achieve a stable octet, resulting in increased electron-electron repulsion and a larger ionic radius. In contrast, aluminum loses three electrons, leading to a higher effective nuclear charge that pulls the remaining electrons closer to the nucleus, resulting in a smaller ionic size. Thus, the gain of electrons in phosphorus versus the loss in aluminum accounts for the size difference.

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2mo ago

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