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The radioactive elements are unstable due to extra excitement in their nucleus.

The nucleons i.e. the protons and the neutrons are affected by various interactions inside the nucleus like the strong nuclear force and the electrostatic forces and other factors as well.

All these factors result in a high excited stage.

Hence, the high excitement nucleus tries to get a state of low energy or excitement.

Thus, the radioactive nuclei decay by either Alpha decay or Beta decay and further go to low energy state by radiating energy in the form of Gamma radiations.

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