Passive diffusion - Urea has its own concentration gradient so it will go from an area of high concentration through the cell membrane into an area of lower concentration.
Aquaporins.
Urea is isosmotic to the intracellular fluid of red blood cells, but because the membranes of the blood cells are permeable to urea. Urea enters the cell at a much more rapid rate than other permeable solutes (because of the steep concentration gradient) and the cell fills to it bursts.
Penetrating solutes are molecules that can cross a membrane barrier easily due to their chemical properties, such as size and lipophilicity. Examples include urea, ethanol, and acetone. These solutes can equilibrate across cell membranes rapidly, impacting cell function and osmotic balance.
size and shape. cell membranes are selectively permeable, so only some molecules can get through. (i.e. water can go through, but starch cant) Polarity and size.
Diffusion too.
Yes, large hydrophobic molecules can cross cell membranes through passive diffusion.
Yes, hydrophobic molecules can cross cell membranes because cell membranes are made up of a phospholipid bilayer that is permeable to nonpolar molecules like hydrophobic ones.
there are many different types of mechanisms that can make thing cross cell membranes two of these are by diffusing and active transport.
Penetrating solutes can cross cell membranes easily due to their ability to dissolve in lipids, while non-penetrating solutes cannot cross cell membranes easily because they do not dissolve in lipids.
Aquaporins.
Urea is isosmotic to the intracellular fluid of red blood cells, but because the membranes of the blood cells are permeable to urea. Urea enters the cell at a much more rapid rate than other permeable solutes (because of the steep concentration gradient) and the cell fills to it bursts.
Penetrating solutes are molecules that can cross a membrane barrier easily due to their chemical properties, such as size and lipophilicity. Examples include urea, ethanol, and acetone. These solutes can equilibrate across cell membranes rapidly, impacting cell function and osmotic balance.
Urea is industrially obtained from ammonia and carbon dioxide.
cross our cell membranes
mass
size and shape. cell membranes are selectively permeable, so only some molecules can get through. (i.e. water can go through, but starch cant) Polarity and size.
you cant cross the galaxcy!