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Can you die from clinically lycanthrop?
No. Clinically lycanthropy is defined as a rare pyschiatric syndrome that involved that the affected person can or has transformed into an animal or that he or she is an animal. Its name connected to the mythical condition of lycanthropy, a supernatural affliction in which people are said to physically shape-shift into wolves. The term zoanthropy and therianthropy are also sometimes used for the delusion that. Affected individuals reported a delusional belief that they are the process of transformation into an animal or have already transformed into an animal. has been linked with the altered states of mind that accompany psychosis (the reality-bending mental state that typically involved delusions and hallucinations) with the transformation only seeming to happen in the mind and behavior of the affected person. A study on lycanthropy from the McLean Hospital reported on a series of cases and proposed some diagnostic criteria by which lycanthropy could be recognized: . A patient reports in a moment of lucidity or looking back that he he or she sometimes feels as an animal. . A patient behaves in a manner that resembles animal behavior, for example crying, grumbling, or creeping. According to these criteria, either a delusional belief in current or past transformation or behavior that suggests a person thinks of themselves as transformed is considered evidence of clinical lycanthropy. The authors go on to note that, although the condition seems to be an expression of specific diagnosis of mental or neurological illness associated with its behavioral consequences. it also seems that lycanthropy is not specific to an experience of human-to-wolf transformation; a wide variety of creatures have been reported as part of the shape-sifting experience. A review of the medical literature from early 2004 lists over thirty published cases of lycanthropy, only the minority of which have wolf or dog themes. Canines are certainly not uncommon, although the experience of being transformed into a hyena, cat, horse, bird or tiger has been reported on more than one occasion. transformation into frogs, and even bees, has been reported in some instance. A 1989 case study described how one in divided reported a serial transformation, experiencing a change from human to dog, to horse, and then finally cat, before returning to the reality of human existence after treatment. There are also reports of people who experienced transformation into an animal only listed as "unspecified ". Clinically lycanthropy is a rare condition and is largely considered to be an idiosyncratic expression of an psychotic episode caused by another condition such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or clinical depression. however, there are suggestions that certain neurological and cultural influences may lead to the expression of the human-animal transformation theme that defines, the condition. One important factor may be differences or changes in part of the brain known be involved in representing body shape (e.g., see propriception and body image). A neuromaging study of two people diagnosed with clinical lycanthropy showed that these areas display unusual activation, suggesting that when people reported their bodies are changing shape, the may be genuinely those feelings. body image distortion are not unknown in metal and neurological illness, so this may help at least part of the process. One further puzzle is why an affected person does not simply report that their body "feels like it is changing in odd ways", rather than presenting with a delusional belief that they are changing into a specific animal. There is much evidence that psychosis is more than just odd perceptual experiences, so perhaps lycanthropy is the result of these unusual bodily experiences being understood by an already confused mind, perhaps sifted through cultural tradition and ideas. Lycanthropy, a form of metal disorder in which the patient imagines him or her to be an animal.
What do you do if you have a sprained finger?
Here is how...A sprained ankle is a very common injury. Approximately 25,000 people experience it each day. A sprained ankle can happen to athletes and non-athletes, children and adults. It can happen when you take part in sports and physical fitness activities. It can also happen when you simply step on an uneven surface, or step down at an angle.The ligaments of the ankle hold the ankle bones and joint in position. They protect the ankle joint from abnormal movements-especially twisting, turning, and rolling of the foot.A ligament is an elastic structure. Ligaments usually stretch within their limits, and then go back to their normal positions. When a ligament is forced to stretch beyond its normal range, a sprain occurs. A severe sprain causes actual tearing of the elastic fibers.How It HappensAnkle sprains happen when the foot twists, rolls or turns beyond its normal motions. A great force is transmitted upon landing. You can sprain your ankle if the foot is planted unevenly on a surface, beyond the normal force of stepping. This causes the ligaments to stretch beyond their normal range in an abnormal position.Top of pageMechanism of InjuryIf there is a severe in-turning or out-turning of the foot relative to the ankle, the forces cause the ligaments to stretch beyond their normal length. If the force is too strong, the ligaments can tear. You may lose your balance when your foot is placed unevenly on the ground. You may fall and be unable to stand on that foot. When excessive force is applied to the ankle's soft tissue structures, you may even hear a "pop". Pain and swelling result.The amount of force determines the grade of the sprain. A mild sprain is a Grade 1. A moderate sprain is a Grade 2. A severe strain is a Grade 3 (see Table below).Grade 1 sprain:Slight stretching and some damage to the fibers (fibrils) of the ligament.Grade 2 sprain:Partial tearing of the ligament. If the ankle joint is examined and moved in certain ways, abnormal looseness (laxity) of the ankle joint occurs.Grade 3 sprain:Complete tear of the ligament. If the examiner pulls or pushes on the ankle joint in certain movements, gross instability occurs.Classification of Ankle Sprains SeverityPhysicalExaminationFindingsImpairmentPathophysiologyTypical Treatment*Grade 1Minimal tenderness and swellingMinimalMicroscopic tearing of collagen fibersWeight bearing as toleratedNo splinting/castingIsometric exercisesFull range-of-motion and stretching/ strengthening exercises as toleratedGrade 2Moderated tenderness and swellingDecreased range of motionPossible instabilityModeratedComplete tears of some but not all collagen fibers in the ligamentImmobilization with air splintPhysical therapy with range-of-motion and stretching/ strengthening exercisesGrade 3Significant swelling and tendernessInstabilitySevereComplete tear/ rupture of ligamentImmobilizationPhysical therapy similar to that for grade 2 sprains but over a longer periodPossible surgical reconstructionTop of pageDiagnosisSee your doctor to diagnose a sprained ankle. He or she may order X-rays to make sure you don't have a broken bone in the ankle or foot. A broken bone can have similar symptoms of pain and swelling.The injured ligament may feel tender. If there is no broken bone, the doctor may be able to tell you the grade of your ankle sprain based upon the amount of swelling, pain and bruising.The physical exam may be painful. The doctor may need to move your ankle in various ways to see which ligament has been hurt or torn.If there is a complete tear of the ligaments, the ankle may become unstable after the initial injury phase passes. If this occurs, it is possible that the injury may also cause damage to the ankle joint surface itself.The doctor may order an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan if he or she suspects a very severe injury to the ligaments, injury to the joint surface, a small bone chip or other problem. The MRI can make sure the diagnosis is correct. The MRI may be ordered after the period of swelling and bruising resolves.Top of pageSymptomsThe amount of pain depends on the amount of stretching and tearing of the ligament. Instability occurs when there has been complete tearing of the ligament or a complete dislocation of the ankle joint.Top of pageTreatmentNonsurgical TreatmentWalking may be difficult because of the swelling and pain. You may need to use crutches if walking causes pain. Usually swelling and pain will last two days to three days. Depending upon the grade of injury, the doctor may tell you to use removable plastic devices such as castboots or air splints.Most ankle sprains need only a period of protection to heal. The healing process takes about four weeks to six weeks. The doctor may tell you to incorporate motion early in the healing process to prevent stiffness. Motion may also aid in being able to sense position, location, orientation and movement of the ankle (proprioception). Even a complete ligament tear can heal without surgical repair if it is immobilized appropriately. Even if an ankle has a chronic tear, it can still be highly functional because overlying tendons help with stability and motion.For a Grade 1 sprain, use R.I.C.E (rest, ice, compression and elevation):Rest your ankle by not walking on it.Ice should be immediately applied. It keeps the swelling down. It can be used for 20 minutes to 30 minutes, three or four times daily. Combine ice with wrapping to decrease swelling, pain and dysfunction.Compression dressings, bandages or ace-wraps immobilize and support the injured ankle.Elevate your ankle above your heart level for 48 hours.For a Grade 2 sprain, the RICE guidelines can also be used. Allow more time for healing to occur. The doctor may also use a device to immobilize or splint the ankle.A Grade 3 sprain can be associated with permanent instability. Surgery is rarely needed. A short leg cast or a cast-brace may be used for two weeks to three weeks.Rehabilitation is used to help to decrease pain and swelling and to prevent chronic ankle problems. Ultrasound and electrical stimulation may also be used as needed to help with pain and swelling. At first, rehabilitation exercises may involve active range of motion or controlled movements of the ankle joint without resistance. Water exercises may be used if land-based strengthening exercises, such as toe-raising, are too painful. Lower extremity exercises and endurance activities are added as tolerated. Proprioception training is very important, as poor propriception is a major cause of repeat sprain and an unstable ankle joint. Once you are pain-free, other exercises may be added, such as agility drills. The goal is to increase strength and range of motion as balance improves over time.All ankle sprains recover through three phases:Phase 1 includes resting, protecting the ankle and reducing the swelling (one week).Phase 2 includes restoring range of motion, strength and flexibility (one week to two weeks).Phase 3 includes gradually returning to activities that do not require turning or twisting the ankle and doing maintenance exercises. This will be followed later by being able to do activities that require sharp, sudden turns (cutting activities) such as tennis, basketball or football (weeks to months).MedicationNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be used to control pain and inflammation.Long-term outcomeIf an ankle sprain is not recognized, and is not treated with the necessary attention and care, chronic problems of pain and instability may result.Surgical TreatmentSurgical treatment for ankle sprains is rare. Surgery is reserved for injuries that fail to respond to nonsurgical treatment, and for persistent instability after months of rehabilitation and non-surgical treatment.Surgical options include:ArthroscopyA surgeon looks inside the joint to see if there are any loose fragments of bone or cartilage, or part of the ligament caught in the joint.ReconstructionA surgeon repairs the torn ligament with stitches or suture, or uses other ligaments and/or tendons found in the foot and around the ankle to repair the damaged ligaments.Top of pageRehabilitationRehabilitation after surgery involves time and attention to restore strength and range of motion so you can return to pre-injury function. The length of time you can expect to spend recovering depends upon the extent of injury and the amount of surgery that was done. Rehabilitation may take from weeks to months.Top of pagePreventionThe best way to prevent ankle sprains is to maintain good strength, muscle balance and flexibility.Warm-up before doing exercises and vigorous activitiesPay attention to walking, running or working surfacesWear good shoesPay attention to your body's warning signs to slow down when you feel pain or fatigueTop of page Is It Acute or Chronic?If you have sprained your ankle in the past, you may continue to sprain it if the ligaments did not have time to completely heal. If the sprain happens frequently and pain continues for more than four weeks to six weeks, you may have a chronic ankle sprain. Activities that tend to make an already sprained ankle worse include stepping on uneven surfaces, cutting actions and sports that require rolling or twisting of the foot, such as trail running, basketball, tennis, football and soccer.Possible complications of ankle sprains and treatment include abnormal proprioception. There may be imbalance and muscle weakness that causes a re-injury. If this happens over and over again, a chronic situation may persist with instability, a sense of the ankle giving way (gross laxity) and chronic pain. This can also happen if you return to work, sports or other activities without letting the ankle heal and become rehabilitated.Top of pageLast reviewed and updated: March 2005how to spang your ankel
