Phalanges is the term for toe bones; toes may also be called digits or lower digits.
Phalanges of the foot, also can be referred to as digits.
Hallux malleus
Talipes equinus
Edema
Phalangectomy
The medical term for fusing the joint of the big toe is arthrodesis. This procedure is often done to relieve pain and improve function in conditions such as severe arthritis or deformities of the big toe joint.
Gouty arthritis is the medical term meaning inflammation of the joints resulting from hyperuricemia. Podagra is the name of the typical "big toe" presentation of gout.
It appears to be a Hacky Sack term, not a medical term.
Usually the medical term for the fifth toe is fifth toe. You could also call it the fifth digit of the foot, or the fifth pedal digit. The layman's term for the fifth toe is the pinky toe.
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Anatomy is the medical term with that pronunciation.
The top part of your toe is the dorsal surface of the toe.
Bunionectomy is surgical removal of a bunion, and abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the big toe.