Plantar fasciitis
An avulsion fracture is the term meaning tearing a bone.
Sprain
This sounds like the condition called "anterior tibial tendonitis," which is characterized by pain and is caused by continued overuse (and is therefore common in runners). It is treated mostly by rest and stretching.
Episiotomy is the medical term meaning surgical incision of the perineum. Surgical repair after episiotomy is perineoplasty or perineorrhaphy, the latter meaning suture of the perineum.
A tear on tissue, in a muscle facia or in a tendon, is called a tear or a rupture of the relevant tissue.
A ligament sprain is the stretching or tearing of a ligament, which is a tough band of tissue that connects bone to bone and provides stability to a joint. Sprains can range from mild (little stretching and microscopic tearing) to severe (complete tear of the ligament). Treatment usually involves rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE therapy) along with physical therapy to help regain strength and range of motion.
Rupture (ruhp-chuhr) = forcible tearing.
strain and sprain involves the ligaments
Plantar fasciitis is the condition of overstretching or tearing of the dense sheet of tissue that supports the arch of the foot. It is one of the most common causes of heel pain. It can be treated with medication, physical therapy, or surgery.
Overuse or overextension of a ligament can result in a sprain, which is a stretching or tearing of the ligament. This can cause pain, swelling, and instability in the affected joint. Severe cases may require medical intervention such as physical therapy or surgery.
Ruptured trachea means tearing of wind pipe i.e. trachea. It occurs due to trouma or any foreign body trapped in it.
Yes it loosens up muscles and prevents them from tearing. Cold, stiff muscles tear much easier.