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Like the people who came before them, and the people who came after, right up to the 19th century, Renaissance people had no idea whatever of what caused disease, and so had rules of hygiene based on speculation.

They did not understand disease vectors, such as tainted water, fleas, lice, or shared cutlery or drinking cups. The shared cups, common in the Middle Ages, were given up to a degree, but not because of considerations of hygiene.

Renaissance people seem to have believed in the cleansing properties of linen and relied on changing the clothes as a large part of cleaning.

They also believed that washing was unhealthy, and only washed those parts of their bodies that were exposed to view. Catherine di' Medici wrote Mary Stuart advising her not to bathe more often than once each month unless it was absolutely necessary.

They habitually covered smells with perfume.

This was all a bit of a retreat from the standards of the Middle Ages, when people took the idea that cleanliness was next to godliness seriously and believed that foul air was an important disease vector.

There is a link on public bathing below.

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15y ago

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