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Athens ultimately failed due to a combination of internal strife, the plague, and military overreach during the Peloponnesian War against Sparta and its allies. The democratic system faced challenges from demagogues and social divisions, weakening civic unity. Sparta, on the other hand, maintained a more stable and militaristic society but struggled with its helot population and the limitations of its rigid social structure, which ultimately contributed to its decline after the war. Both city-states faced unique challenges that led to their eventual weakening and loss of dominance in the Greek world.

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5d ago

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