Osteopenia is a condition characterized by lower-than-normal bone mineral density, indicating a higher risk of developing osteoporosis. It typically occurs as a result of aging, hormonal changes, or certain medical conditions and lifestyle factors, such as insufficient calcium intake or lack of physical activity. While osteopenia itself does not cause symptoms, it serves as a warning sign for potential bone loss and fractures in the future. Early detection and lifestyle modifications can help manage and improve bone health.