Osteoporosis is a medical condition characterized by weakened bones, making them more fragile and susceptible to fractures. This condition occurs when the body loses too much bone mass, produces too little bone, or both, often due to aging, hormonal changes, or nutritional deficiencies. Common risk factors include a family history of osteoporosis, low calcium and vitamin D intake, and a sedentary lifestyle. Preventive measures include a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, regular exercise, and lifestyle modifications.